At
least she retired to a nice area of France. I wonder if she went to the
beach in Cannes . . .
Why is
Mary Magdalene a popular saint in the Provence region of southern
France?
The French
tradition is that Mary, her brother Lazarus, and Maximinus, one of the Seventy
Disciples and some companions, expelled by persecutions from the Holy Land,
traversed the Mediterranean in a frail boat with neither rudder nor mast and
landed at the place called Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer near Arles. On the
way however, they were shipwrecked on a tiny island called Malta, in the
middle of the Mediterranean. In fact a very strong cult exists on this island,
regarding this Saint.
Another
French tradition is that Mary Magdalene came to Marseille and converted
the whole of Provence. Magdalene is said to have retired to a cave on a
hill by Marseille, La Sainte-Baume ("holy cave" baumo in
Provençal), where she gave herself up to a life of penance for thirty years.
When the time of her death arrived she was carried by angels to Aix and
into the oratory of Saint Maximinus, where she received the viaticum; her body
was then laid in an oratory constructed by St. Maximinus at Villa Lata,
afterwards called St. Maximin.
In 1279, when
Charles II, King of Naples, erected a Dominican convent at La Sainte-Baume,
the shrine was found intact, with an explanatory inscription stating why the
relics had been hidden. Afterwards, since September 9, 1279, the
purported body of Mary Magdalene was also venerated at Saint-Maximin-la-Sainte-Baume,
Provence. This cult attracted such throngs of pilgrims that the earlier
shrine was rebuilt as the great Basilica from the mid-13th century, one of the
finest Gothic churches in the south of France.
St. Mary Magdalene's
relics were venerated at the abbey of Vézelay in Burgundy. Jacobus de
Voragine gives the common account of the transfer of the relics of Mary
Magdalene from her sepulcher in the oratory of Saint Maximin at Aix-en-Provence
to the newly founded abbey of Vézelay; the transportation of the relics is
entered as undertaken in 771 by the founder of the abbey, identified as Gerard,
duke of Burgundy. The earliest mention of this episode is the notice of the
chronicler Sigebert of Gembloux (died 1112), who asserts that the relics
were removed to Vézelay through fear of the Saracens. A casket of relics
associated with Magdalene remains at Vézelay.
During the
Counter Reformation and Baroque periods (late 16th and 17th centuries), the
cult of Mary Magdalene saw a great, new popularity as the Catholic Church
publicized her as an attractive, persuasive model of repentance and reform, in
keeping with the goals of the reform Council of Trent (1545–63).
As part of
this new attention to the cult of the Magdalene, in 1600, her relics were
placed in a sarcophagus commissioned by Pope Clement VIII, the head being
placed in a separate reliquary. The relics and free-standing images were
scattered and destroyed at the Revolution. In 1814, the church of La
Sainte-Baume, also wrecked during the Revolution, was restored. In 1822,
the grotto was consecrated afresh. The head of the saint now lies there and has
been the center of many pilgrimages.
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