September 22
– Saint Maurice (San Moritz) – was he really a black saint?
Saint Maurice
(also Moritz, Morris, or Mauritius) was the leader of the legendary Roman
Theban Legion in the 3rd century, and one of the favorite and most widely
venerated saints of that group. He was the patron saint of several professions,
locales, and kingdoms. He is also a highly revered saint in the Oriental
Orthodox churches.
Maurice was
born in 250 A.D. in Thebes, an ancient city in Egypt near the site of the Aswan
Dam. He was brought up in the region of Thebes (Luxor—Egypt) and became a
soldier in the Roman army. He was gradually promoted until he became the leader
of the Theban legion, formed of 6600 soldiers.[4] Maurice was an acknowledged
Christian at a time when the Church was considered to be a threat to the
crumbling Roman Empire. Yet, he moved easily in the pagan society of his
day.[5]
According to
the hagiographical material, the legion, entirely composed of Christians, had
been called from Thebes in Egypt to Gaul to assist Maximian to defeat a revolt
by the bagaudae.[3] The Theban Legion was dispatched with orders to clear the
St. Bernard Pass across Mt. Blanc. Before going into battle, they were
instructed to offer sacrifices to the pagan gods and pay homage to the
emperor.[5]
However, when
Maximian ordered them to harass some local Christians, they refused and
Maximian ordered the unit to be punished. Every tenth soldier was killed, a
military punishment known as decimation. More orders followed, they still
refused, partly because of Maurice's encouragement, and a second decimation was
ordered. In response to their refusal to use violence against fellow
Christians, Maximian ordered all the remaining members of the 6,666 unit to be
executed. The place in Switzerland where this
occurred, known as Agaunum, is now Saint Maurice-en-Valais, site of the Abbey
of Saint Maurice-en-Valais.
So reads the
earliest account of their martyrdom, contained in the public letter Eucherius,
bishop of Lyon (c. 434–450), addressed to his fellow bishop Salvius. Alternate
versions[citation needed] have the legion refusing Maximian's orders only after
discovering a town they had just destroyed had been inhabited by innocent
Christians, or that the emperor had them executed when they refused to
sacrifice to the Roman gods.
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