At
least she retired to a nice area of France. I wonder if she went to the
beach in Cannes . . .
Why is Mary
Magdalene a popular saint in the Provence region of southern
France?
The French
tradition is that Mary, her brother Lazarus, and Maximinus, one of the Seventy
Disciples and some companions, expelled by persecutions from the Holy Land,
traversed the Mediterranean in a frail boat with neither rudder nor mast and
landed at the place called Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer near Arles. On the
way however, they were shipwrecked on a tiny island called Malta, in the
middle of the Mediterranean. In fact a very strong cult exists on this island,
regarding this Saint.
Another French
tradition is that Mary Magdalene came to Marseille and converted the
whole of Provence. Magdalene is said to have retired to a cave on a hill
by Marseille, La Sainte-Baume ("holy cave" baumo in
Provençal), where she gave herself up to a life of penance for thirty years.
When the time of her death arrived she was carried by angels to Aix and
into the oratory of Saint Maximinus, where she received the viaticum; her body
was then laid in an oratory constructed by St. Maximinus at Villa Lata,
afterwards called St. Maximin.
In 1279, when
Charles II, King of Naples, erected a Dominican convent at La Sainte-Baume,
the shrine was found intact, with an explanatory inscription stating why the
relics had been hidden. Afterwards, since September 9, 1279, the
purported body of Mary Magdalene was also venerated at Saint-Maximin-la-Sainte-Baume,
Provence. This cult attracted such throngs of pilgrims that the earlier
shrine was rebuilt as the great Basilica from the mid-13th century, one of the
finest Gothic churches in the south of France.
St. Mary
Magdalene's relics were venerated at the abbey of Vézelay in Burgundy.
Jacobus de Voragine gives the common account of the transfer of the relics of
Mary Magdalene from her sepulcher in the oratory of Saint Maximin at
Aix-en-Provence to the newly founded abbey of Vézelay; the transportation of
the relics is entered as undertaken in 771 by the founder of the abbey,
identified as Gerard, duke of Burgundy. The earliest mention of this episode is
the notice of the chronicler Sigebert of Gembloux (died 1112), who asserts that
the relics were removed to Vézelay through fear of the Saracens. A
casket of relics associated with Magdalene remains at Vézelay.
During the
Counter Reformation and Baroque periods (late 16th and 17th centuries), the
cult of Mary Magdalene saw a great, new popularity as the Catholic Church
publicized her as an attractive, persuasive model of repentance and reform, in
keeping with the goals of the reform Council of Trent (1545–63).
As part of this
new attention to the cult of the Magdalene, in 1600, her relics were placed in
a sarcophagus commissioned by Pope Clement VIII, the head being placed in a
separate reliquary. The relics and free-standing images were scattered and
destroyed at the Revolution. In 1814, the church of La Sainte-Baume,
also wrecked during the Revolution, was restored. In 1822, the grotto was
consecrated afresh. The head of the saint now lies there and has been the
center of many pilgrimages.
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