In Eastern
Orthodox icons, Saint Christopher is sometimes represented with the head of a
dog.
The background
to the dog-headed Christopher is laid in the reign of the Emperor Diocletian,
when a man named Reprebus, Rebrebus or Reprobus was captured in combat against
tribes dwelling to the west of Egypt in Cyrenaica. To the unit of soldiers,
according to the hagiographic narrative, was assigned the name numerus
Marmaritarum or "Unit of the Marmaritae", which suggests an
otherwise-unidentified "Marmaritae" (perhaps the same as the
Marmaricae Berber tribe of Cyrenaica).
He was reported
to be of enormous size, with the head of a dog instead of a man, apparently a
characteristic of the Marmaritae. This Byzantine depiction of St. Christopher
as dog-headed resulted from their misinterpretation of the Latin term Cananeus
(Canaanite) to read canineus (canine).
According to
the medieval Irish Passion of St. Christopher, "This Christopher was one
of the Dog-heads, a race that had the heads of dogs and ate human
flesh." It was commonly accepted at the time that there were several
types of races, the Cynocephalus, or dog headed people, being one of many
believed to populate the world.
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