"Sol
Invictus ("Unconquered Sun") was the official sun god
of the later Roman Empire.
In 274
the Roman
emperor Aurelian
made it an official cult
alongside the traditional Roman cults. Scholars disagree whether the new deity
was a refoundation of the ancient Latin cult of Sol,
a revival of the cult of Elagabalus or completely new.
The god
was favored by emperors after Aurelian and appeared on their coins until Constantine. The last inscription referring
to Sol Invictus dates to 387 AD and there were enough devotees in the 5th
century that Augustine found it necessary to preach against
them.
It is
commonly claimed that the date of December 25th for Christmas was
selected in order to correspond with the Roman festival of Dies Natalis
Solis Invicti, or "Birthday of the Unconquered Sun", but this
view is not unchallenged . . "
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