Does 'Easter' Refer to a Pagan Holiday?

Posted by Dr. Taylor Marshall

Basing their hypothesis on a passage of the Venerable St. Bede, some Protestants claim that the northern European Christians adopted the name Easter from the name of a pagan goddess: "Eastre" in Anglo-Saxon; "Eostre" in Northumbrian. She is also the infamous Ashtorah of the Old Testament, the one for whom poles were erected as signs of fertility. The Hebrew prophets spilled much ink condemning the the cult of Ashtorah (cf. Isaiah 17:8, 27:9, Jereimiah 17:2, Micah 5:14).

The name "Eastre" or "Eostre" comes from the proto Indo-European root "aus/eas" meaning "to shine" and "the east" (since the sun shines from the east). Our word "east" clearly derives from this root. Likewise, the word Austria comes from the same Indo-European root since it is the kingdom of the east or the "austra".

The Catholic Church does not formally call the feast "Easter" but rather "Pascha" - a word derived from the Aramaic word for "Passover". Only English and Germanic lands use the term related to "Easter".

Some well-meaning apologist claim that Easter comes from the Anglo-Saxon word "oster", meaning "to rise". This would be a convenient etymology since it avoids the pagan connotations. Instead, it connects the word to Christ rising from the dead.

I favor a third explanation. The Anglo-Saxons called the Spring equinox "Eostre". It was a astronomical description. Since pagans ceremoniously celebrate astronomical events as holy days, the natural phenomenon (the spring equinox as a "shining") and the religious feast (the goddess of fertility and light, Ashtorah) were indistinguishable.

Anglo-Saxons didn't borrow the name of a goddess for the feast of Christ's resurrection. They simply denoted it by the name of the natural phenomenon (the spring equinox which they called "Eostre"), since the festival is calculated by using marking the spring equinox. It happens that the name of the goddess and the name of the feast are etymologically connected. This would confirm the exact context of Bede's words:

"Eostur-month, which is now interpreted as the paschal month, was formerly named after the goddess Eostre, and has given its name to the festival."

This doesn't mean that paganism was baptized or that the newly Christianized people were still devoted to the goddess Eostre. Think about it, we still speak of "Thursday" but that doesn't mean that we really think of it as "Thor's day." Rather, the old day names remained without their religious content. The same goes for "Easter" as the name of the spring equinox - the name remained but the goddess did not. Anyone who claims that Catholics worship "Eostre" for saying "Easter" should have the tables turned on him and then be accused of worshiping "Thor" for saying "Thursday."

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