Saint
Nicholas – Nikolaos
the Wonderworker
A
third-century bishop who was known as a miracle worker and a giver of secret
gifts.
Born: 270 –
Died: 6 December 343
He had a
reputation for secret gift-giving, such as putting coins in the shoes of those
who left them out for him. Not only is he
recognized by the Catholic Church, holidays honoring St. Nicholas' works of
charity are celebrated by more than forty countries.
St.
Nicholas was born in Greece and became a fourth-century bishop of Myra, in
southern Turkey when that area was under Greek influence.
One legend
tells how a terrible famine struck the small Turkish island of Gemile
and a malicious butcher lured three little children into his house, where
he slaughtered and butchered them, placing their remains in a barrel to cure,
planning to sell them off as ham. Saint Nicholas, visiting the region to care
for the hungry, not only saw through the butcher's horrific crime but also
resurrected the three boys from the barrel by his prayers. Another version of
this story, possibly formed around the eleventh century, claims that the
butcher's victims were instead three clerks who wished to stay the night. The
man murdered them, and was advised by his wife to dispose of them by turning
them into meat pies. The Saint saw through this and brought the men back to
life.
Perhaps the
best-known story about Nicholas concerns his charity toward a poor man who was
unable to provide dowries for his three daughters of marriageable age. Rather
than see them forced into prostitution, Nicholas secretly tossed a bag of gold
through the poor man’s window on three separate occasions, thus enabling the
daughters to be married. Over the centuries, this particular legend evolved
into the custom of gift-giving on the saint’s feast.
Today, Saint
Nicholas is still celebrated as a great gift-giver in several Western European
countries. According to one source, in medieval times nuns used the night of 6
December to deposit baskets of food and clothes anonymously at the doorsteps of
the needy. According to another source, on 6 December every sailor or ex-sailor
of the Low Countries (which at that time was virtually all of the male
population) would descend to the harbor towns to participate in a church
celebration for their patron saint. On the way back they would stop at one of
the various Nicholas fairs to buy some hard-to-come-by goods, gifts for
their loved ones and invariably some little presents for their children. While
the real gifts would only be presented at Christmas, the little presents for
the children were given right away, courtesy of Saint Nicholas.
Our
American Santa Claus custom descended from a secularized St. Nicholas
tradition. The name Santa Claus actually comes from the German Sankt
Nikolaus, a tradition brought here by German immigrants. In the
English-speaking countries, St. Nicholas became, by a twist of the tongue,
Santa Claus—further expanding the example of generosity portrayed by this holy
bishop.
In 1087,
about half of his bones were furtively moved to Bari in southeastern Italy; for
this reason, he is also known as Nikolaos of Bari. The remaining bones
were taken to Venice in 1100.
The evolution
of Saint Nicholas into the more commercially lucrative Santa Claus—which took
centuries in Europe and America—has recently been re-enacted in the saint's
home town of Demre, Turkey. The modern city is built near the ruins of ancient
Myra, and attracts many Russian tourists as St. Nicholas is a very popular
Orthodox saint. Restoration on Saint Nicholas' original church is currently
underway, with the Ministry of Culture and Tourism in 2007 permitting Divine
Liturgy to be celebrated at the site, and contributing 40,000 Turkish Lira to
the project.
In 1993 a
grave was found on the small Turkish island of Gemile, east of Rhodes, which
historians believe is the grave of Saint Nicholas.
On 28
December 2009, the Turkish Government announced that it would be formally
requesting the return of St Nicholas's bones to Turkey from the Italian
government. Turkish authorities have cited the fact that St Nicolas
himself wanted to be and actually got buried at his episcopal town. They also
state that his remains were illegally removed from his homeland.